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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-221389

ABSTRACT

Drama is a composite fine art. It is mimetic like any remaining performing expressions in writing literature. It imitates life, specially reflecting the three unities of drama- time, place and action. As Somnath Sarkar says: "It is intended for portrayal on the stage by entertainers who act the parts of the characters of its story, and among whom the account and the discourse are conveyed." India has a long and fertile history in Drama, beginning from Sanskrit plays of Vedic Age. Dramatists of Indian Writing in English have scaled the length and expansiveness of the experimentation in dramaturgy of India during and after independence. To understand the profundities of Indian Drama in English certain characteristics features are to be remembered. Fundamentally, the Indian Writings in English during Modern Age articulate the growing and the all around present authors as well as the impact of Existentialism, Globalization, Surrealism, Dadaism, Magic Realism and the Post Colonial issues. India had been under the provincial shackles for a time span of 300 years and indeed the colonial language and culture had cast its direct shadow on the Indian literary venues.

2.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-218777

ABSTRACT

In this paper I have studies that both China and India have an extended history of international trade going back centuries ago, both their economies were until recently highly protected and controlled to a large extent albeit that their political systems are very different. China is still a very unique case in the sense that while it has allowed its economy to be opened to Capitalists MNCs, it is still governed by the Communist Party with a strong leadership not giving away state power. China and India are two neighboring countries in Asia who share the two largest population of the world and in fact added together they represent nearly one third of humanity. Globalization has imposed internal pressure and external pressure to bear on both India and China. For most Chinese and Indians alike, economic life is hard despite the fact that reforms and globalization have created various new opportunities

3.
Saúde Soc ; 32(1): e230228pt, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1442159

ABSTRACT

Resumo No contexto da globalização, é recorrente a menção às crises contemporâneas da democracia, da ciência, econômico-sociais, sanitárias e ambientais. No Brasil, essas crises se agravam em função da estrutura histórico-social que carrega profundos problemas não resolvidos, bem como em função de governos que têm desgastado as instituições nacionais que foram arduamente reconstruídas no processo de redemocratização do país. Neste editorial, refletimos sobre o contexto de crise nacional experimentado no Brasil nos últimos anos, situando retrocessos sociais resultantes de políticas neoliberais e conservadoras levadas à cabo pelos últimos dois mandatários do governo federal, e posicionando alguns desafios a serem enfrentados pelo país, a partir de um movimento de retomada da democracia.


Abstract In the context of globalization, mentioning contemporary democracy, science, social-economic, sanitary, and environmental crises is recurrent. In Brazil, these crises have worsened due to historical-cultural structures that carry deep unresolved problems and due to governments that have worn down the national institutions that were reconstructed with hard work during its re-democratization process. In this editorial, we reflect on the national crisis context experienced in Brazil in the last years, situating social regressions resulting from neoliberal and conservative policies carried out by the last two heads of the federal government and placing some challenges to be faced by the country beginning by a movement to retrieve democracy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Public Policy , Global Health , Democracy , Pandemics , Health Policy
4.
Chinese Medical Ethics ; (6): 1295-1301, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1005558

ABSTRACT

Capital’s penetration and mastery of global space shape a human health space that coexists with homogeneity and fragmentation, compressibility and expansion, digestion and remodeling. Capital exacerbates the deprivation of health resources in the global space through means such as controlling the power field, expanding the scope of flow, and monopolizing resource allocation, seriously constraining the overall improvement of human health. The human health community focuses on the healthy development of health in the global space, showing strong human sentiments and profound spatial implications. It aims to break the dominance of capital forces on human health in space, scientifically respond to the space crises caused by major public health events, and build a global space for the balanced and sustainable development of human health. It is Chinese concept, Chinese plan, and Chinese wisdom for reshaping the global justice space and safeguarding human health. To realize the value of health in the global space, it is necessary to take Marx’s space theory as the guide, continuously promote the construction of human health community from the three-dimensional space of individual micro, regional meso, and global macro, and create a space for health justice.

5.
Motrivivência (Florianópolis) ; 34(65): {1-15}, 20220316.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1396787

ABSTRACT

A glocalização no esporte foi introduzida como conceito em 2004 em um artigo publicado pelo The British Journal of Sociology, que tinha como autores os professores Richard Giulianotti e Roland Robertson. Atualmente há um notável crescimento do interesse pelo conceito de glocalização em diversas áreas do conhecimento e, portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi fazer uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre como a glocalização está sendo estudada em pesquisas no campo da gestão do esporte. Nesta pesquisa foram encontrados 62 artigos em inglês, no qual o conceito de glocalização foi utilizado em estudos de gestão do esporte, publicados entre 2004 e 2021. Um resultado importante foi que 22 países de 5 continentes foram estudados nesses 62 artigos, além de 13 esportes de diferentes modalidades, o que demonstra que essa conexão entre glocalização e gestão do esporte está crescendo, não sendo estudada isoladamente em poucos países ou em poucas modalidades esportivas


Glocalization in sport was introduced as a concept in 2004 in an article published by The British Journal of Sociology, by the authors Richard Giulianotti and Roland Robertson. With a notable growth in the interest on the concept of glocalization in several areas of knowledge, the aim of this study was to make a systematic literature review on how glocalization is being used in research in the field of sport management. In this research 62 articles in English were found in which the concept of glocalization was used in sports management research, published between 2004 to 2021. One important result was that 22 countries from 5 continents were studied in these 62 articles, in addition to 13 different sports modalities, which demonstrates that this link between glocalization and sport management is growing, and not being studied in isolation in a few countries or few sports modalities.


La glocalización en deporte fue introducida como concepto en 2004 en un artículo publicado por The British Journal of Sociology, pelos autores Richard Giulianotti y Roland Robertson. Actualmente existe un notable crecimiento del interés por el concepto de glocalización en varias áreas del conocimiento y, por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre cómo se está estudiando la glocalización en la investigación en el ámbito de la gestión deportiva. En esta investigación se encontraron 62 artículos en ingles en los que se utilizó el concepto de glocalización en la investigación de gestión deportiva, publicada entre 2004 y 2021. Un resultado importante fue que en estos 62 artículos se estudiaron 22 países de 5 continentes, además de 13 deportes de diferentes modalidades, lo que demuestra que esta conexión entre glocalización y gestión deportiva está creciendo, no siendo estudiada de forma aislada en unos pocos países o modalidades deportivas.

6.
Entramado ; 17(2): 146-161, jul.-dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360419

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El presente artículo constituye una reflexión centrada en el campo de la ética profesional, específicamente en la docencia, con un propósito de análisis y responsabilidad social en términos de formación como mecanismo de apoyo para combatir la corrupción. Se sustenta en documentos emitidos por autores que trabajan sobre temas contables, éticos, educativos y de responsabilidad social, así como la revisión y análisis del Código de Ética Internacional para contadores profesionales, y los lineamientos del Consejo de Normas Internacionales de Educación Contable IAESB. Por lo tanto, se abordan de manera puntual reflexiones para comprender como incide la ética en la formación del contador en procura de crear valores dirigidos hacia el interés general, donde la responsabilidad social en el ejercicio y desarrollo de sus funciones sean pilares fundamentales en la lucha contra la corrupción, siendo necesario contar con nuevas miradas reflexivas, formativas e integradoras de individuos que a la luz de un desarrollo del hacer, no pierdan ese componente esencial del ser mediante visiones que no solo se enfoquen en la enseñanza de un campo eminentemente financiero. El contador del presente y del futuro debe poseer una perspectiva integradora, multidimensional y multidisciplinar para entender el contexto actual y enfrentar las problemáticas que este nos demanda.


ABSTRACT Summary this document is a reflection focused on the field of professional ethics, specifically teaching, representing a purpose of analysis and social responsibility in terms of training, as a support mechanism to combat corruption. It is based on documents issued by different authors working on accounting, ethical, educational and social responsibility issues, as well as the review and analysis of the international code of ethics for professional accountants, and guidelines of the IAESB International Accounting Education Standards Council, addresses in a timely manner reflections that allow to understand how ethics influences the formation of the accountant, in order to create in it values directed towards the general interest, where social responsibility in the exercise and development of its functions are fundamental pillars in the figth against corruption, therefore it is necessary to have new reflective, formative and integrative looks of individuals who, in the light of a development of doing, do not lose that essential component of being with all that is implied by such integrality through visions that not only focus on teaching an eminently financial field. The accountant of the present and the future must have an integrative, multidimensional and multidisciplinary perspective to understand the current context and face the problems that it demands of us.


RESUMO Este artigo é uma reflexão focalizada no campo da ética profissional, especificamente no ensino, com o propósito de análise e responsabilidade social em termos de treinamento como um mecanismo de apoio para combater a corrupção. Ela se baseia em documentos emitidos por autores que trabalham com questões de contabilidade, ética, educação e responsabilidade social, bem como na revisão e análise do Código Internacional de Ética para contadores profissionais e nas diretrizes do International Accounting Education Standards Board IAESB. Portanto, as reflexões são abordadas de forma oportuna para compreender como a ética afeta a formação dos contadores, numa tentativa de criar valores voltados ao interesse geral, onde a responsabilidade social no exercício e desenvolvimento de suas funções são pilares fundamentais na luta contra a corrupção, sendo necessário ter novas visões reflexivas, formativas e integrativas dos indivíduos que, à luz de um desenvolvimento do fazer não perdem aquele componente essencial do ser através de visões que não se concentram apenas no ensino de um campo eminentemente financeiro. O contador do presente e do futuro deve ter uma perspectiva integrada, multidimensional e multidisciplinar a fim de compreender o contexto atual e enfrentar os problemas que ele exige de nós.

7.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 13: 355-361, jan.-dez. 2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1151264

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Identificar a configuração da organização do trabalho docente de enfermagem antes e após a inserção do ideário neoliberal no contexto da saúde e da educação, e analisar os impactos dos preceitos neoliberais no processo de trabalho docente de enfermagem. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva. Participaram 27 docentes de universidades federais, através de entrevista semiestruturada. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em pesquisa sob número 1.474.463. Resultado: Incluem-se como impactos do modelo neoliberal: alta demanda e elevado ritmo laboral; precarização; sucateamento de salários e perda de benefício e direitos; inserção de tecnologias. Considerações finais: As mudanças deixaram o trabalho docente mais complexo, exigindo polivalência e multifuncionalidade, sem o devido acompanhamento salarial e de benefícios laborais condizentes


Objectives: To identify the configuration of the organization of nursing teaching work before and after the insertion of the neoliberal ideology in the context of health and education, and to analyze the impacts of neoliberal precepts in the nursing teaching work process. Methods: Qualitative and descriptive research. Twenty-seven teachers from federal universities participated through a semi structured interview. Study approved by the Research Ethics Committee under number 1,474,463. Result: Include as impacts of the neoliberal model: high demand and high labor rhythm; precariousness; scrapping of wages and loss of benefit and rights; insertion of Technologies Final considerations: The changes made the teaching work more complex, requiring polyvalence and multifunctionality, without due salary monitoring and adequate work benefits


Objetivos: Identificar una configuración de la organización del trabajo documento docente de la enfermería antes y la inserción del texto neoliberal en el contexto de la educación y el análisis de los efectos de los procesos precolores y el proceso de trabajo. Métodos: Pesquisa cualitativa y descritiva. Participaram 27 docentes de universidades federais, através de entrevista semiestruturada. Se ha aprobado el pelo Comitê de Ética em pesquisa sob number 1.474.463. Resultado: Incluimos los efectos del modelo neoliberal: alta demanda y elevado ritmo laboral; precarização; sucateamento de salários e perda de benefício e direitos; inserción de tecnologías. Consideraciones finales: En cuanto a las características del trabajo o de la documentación, se requiere una polivalencia y una función multifuncional, se incluye un resumen de los salarios y beneficios de los pacientes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Nursing Faculty Practice , Occupational Health , Faculty, Nursing , Higher Education Policy
8.
Barbarói ; (57): 29-43, jul.-dez. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | INDEXPSI, LILACS | ID: biblio-1150316

ABSTRACT

Esta abordagem tem o propósito de esboçar questões conceituais acerca da globalização, exclusão, conflitos sociais e direitos humanos na contemporaneidade. Busca-se discutir os efeitos da globalização nos processos de estruturação, desestruturação e reestruturação dos modelos de interação humana e os possíveis desafios no âmbito das sociabilidades permeadas pelos padrões da sociedade de consumo. A perspectiva esboçada permite compreender que estes processos são o resultado de contínuas transformações e interações engendradas pela ordem econômica capaz de exacerbar valores individuais e coletivos.(AU)


This approach aims to outline conceptual questions about globalization, exclusion, social conflicts and human rights in contemporary times. It seeks to discuss the effects of globalization on the processes of structuring, interruption and restructuring of human interaction models and the possible challenges within the scope of sociability permeated by the standards of the consumer society. The outlined perspective allows us to understand that these processes are the result of continuous transformations and interactions generated by the economic order capable of exacerbating individual and collective values.(AU)


Subject(s)
Social Marginalization , Human Rights
9.
Rev. Psicol., Divers. Saúde ; 9(2): 245-251, Julho 2020.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1254802

ABSTRACT

Em tempos de grande avanço tecnológico e retrocessos no que se refere a aspectos humanos, o "Homo" descrito pela Biologia como "Sapiens" evolui para "Homo Maquinizado". Essa nova configuração do homem regida pela Ciência, Tecnologia, Capitalismo e Globalização se reflete num novo paradoxo humano: a supervalorização da economia em detrimento da vida, impactando nas relações/configurações do viver. Dessa forma, o presente ensaio tem como objetivo fazer uma análise crítica do livro "Admirável Mundo Novo" de Aldous Huxley, que discute a relação homem que cria um sistema, e, que, quando atravessado pela sua criação, torna-se seu próprio produto no ciclo de se produzir. O livro "Admirável Mundo Novo" trata-se de uma parábola que romantiza a desumanização dos seres humanos. Identifica-se que, desde a sua primeira publicação em 1932, o mundo afundou-se a passos tão largos em direção errada semeando o mercantilismo da vida e a cultura da competitividade que corrói a sociabilidade e destrói os sentimentos intrínsecos da sociedade humana que, se o autor escrevesse hoje a mesma obra, a ficção não estaria a seiscentos anos do presente. E a consequência da liberdade, ou melhor, da simples humanidade, teria se revelado desumana.


In times of great technological advancement and setbacks regarding human aspects, the "Homo" described by Biology as "Sapiens" evolves into "Homo Machined". This new configuration of man governed by Science, Technology, Capitalism and Globalization is reflected in a new human paradox: the overvaluation of the economy at the expense of life, impacting the relationships / configurations of living. Thus, the present essay aims to make a critical analysis of the book "Brave New World" by Aldous Huxley, which discusses the relationship between man who creates a system, and which, when crossed by its creation, becomes its own product in the cycle of producing. The book "Brave New World" is a parable that romanticizes the dehumanization of human beings. It is identified that, since its first publication in 1932, the world has sunk so far in the wrong direction sowing the commercialism of life and the culture of competitiveness that it erodes sociability and destroys the intrinsic feelings of human society that, if the author wrote the same work today, fiction would not be six hundred years from the present. And the consequence of freedom, or rather, of simple humanity, would have turned out to be inhuman.


Subject(s)
Humanities , Technology , Capitalism
10.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 52: 131-140, June 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1180940

ABSTRACT

Resumen En el marco de una tradición de investigación relativamente reciente, ciertos rasgos psicológicos relacionados con diversas conductas socialmente reprobables se han agrupado bajo la denominación de "Factor o lado oscuros de la personalidad". En este contexto, este trabajo estudia la varianza común que pudiera existir entre los tres componentes del constructo tríada oscura (maquiavelismo, narcisismo y psicopatía) y los procesos cognitivos constitutivos del constructo desconexión moral, en orden a relacionarlos con la conducta antisocial de una muestra de 800 adolescentes (M = 15.33, SD = .99; 50.1 % chicos). El análisis factorial exploratorio sugirió retener cuatro factores mediante el Análisis Paralelo de Horn. Estos factores se sometieron a una rotación bifactorial en el contexto exploratorio, y sus índices de ajuste fueron adecuados ꭓ² (1219.42, 737) = 1.65 p < .05; RMSEA = .03 (.01, .05 ); CFI = .98. El análisis factorial confirmatorio de este modelo bifactorial para representar el lado oscuro, obtuvo índices de ajuste óptimos ꭓ² (392.38, 150) = 2.61 p < .05; RMSEA = .04 (.04, .05); CFI = .95; y similar para chicos y chicas. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales indicó que el "lado oscuro", entendido aquí como las características comunes de la tríada oscura y la desconexión moral, está directa e intensamente relacionado con conductas antisociales en chicas (β = .57, p < .001) y en chicos (β = .54, p < .001). Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la prevención de una amplia gama de conductas antisociales en adolescentes.


Abstract Within the context of a recent research tradition, certain psychological traits related to various socially reprehensible behaviors have been grouped under the name of "Dark Factor or dark side of personality." In this context, this paper studies the common variance that could exist between the three components of the Dark Triad construct (Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy) and the constituent cognitive processes of Moral Disengagement construct, in order to relate them to the antisocial behavior of a sample composed of 800 adolescents (M = 15.36, SD = .99; 50.1 % boys). Exploratory factor analysis suggested retaining four factors using Horn Parallel Analysis. These factors were subjected to a bifactorial rotation in the exploratory context, and their fit indices were adequate ꭓ² (1219.42, 737) = 1.65 p <.05; RMSEA = .03 (.01, .05); CFI = .98. The confirmatory factor analysis of this bifactorial model to represent the dark side obtained optimal fit indices ꭓ² (392.38, 150) = 2.61 p <.05; RMSEA = .04 (.04, .05); CFI = .95; similar for boys and girls. The results of the structural equation model indicated that the "dark side", understood here as the common characteristics of the Dark Triad and Moral Disengagement, is directly and intensely related to antisocial behaviors in girls (β = .57, p < .001) and boys (β = .54, p < .001). Finally, the implications of these results for the prevention of a wide range of antisocial behaviors in adolescents are discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Cognition , Antisocial Personality Disorder , Adolescent , Machiavellianism , Narcissism
11.
Motrivivência (Florianópolis) ; 32(61): [1-21], Abr. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1097631

ABSTRACT

A Catalunha enfrenta uma histórica crise política e econômica, acentuada nos últimos anos. O futebol local tangenciou esses desdobramentos que afetaram a dinâmica estrutural e a identidade dos clubes na região, especialmente, o FC Barcelona. Tencionando as abordagens históricas, políticas e o dualismo entre o global e o local, este estudo visou analisar o impacto da identidade catalã, independentismo catalão e a globalização no FC Barcelona. Para tanto, utilizou-se referencial bibliográfico, fontes históricas documentais, reportagens. Concluiu-se que a identidade do Clube é reconstruída continuamente, de acordo com as ações e posições de seus distintos grupos diretivos em relação à situação política e econômica local. Todavia, as questões esportivas e financeiras são o fio condutor nas tomadas de decisão do clube atualmente, em detrimento de sua representatividade social na região.


Catalonia faces a historic political and economic crisis, aggravated in recent years. Local football touched on these developments that affected the structural dynamics and identity of the clubs in the region, especially FC Barcelona. With a focus on historical, political and dualism between the global and the local, this study aimed to analyze the impact of Catalan identity, Catalan independence and globalization in FC Barcelona. For that, bibliographic references, historical documentary sources and reports were used. It was concluded that the identity of the Club is continually rebuilt, according to the actions and positions of its different governing groups in relation to the local political and economic situation. However, sporting and financial issues are the guiding principle in the club's decision-making today, to the detriment of its social representation in the region.


Cataluña enfrenta una histórica crisis política y económica, acentuada en los últimos años. El fútbol local tangenció esos desdoblamientos que afectaron la dinámica estructural y la identidad de los clubes en la región, especialmente el FC Barcelona. Teniendo en cuenta los enfoques históricos, políticos y el dualismo entre lo global y lo local, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto de la identidad catalana, independentismo catalán y la globalización en el FC Barcelona. Para ello, se utilizó referencial bibliográfico, fuentes históricas documentales, reportajes. Se concluyó que la identidad del Club es reconstruida continuamente, de acuerdo con las acciones y posiciones de sus distintos grupos directivos en relación a la situación política y económica local. Sin embargo, las cuestiones deportivas y financieras son el hilo conductor en las tomas de decisiones del club actualmente, en detrimento de su representatividad social en la región

12.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-205183

ABSTRACT

The enjoying life and health status, consider one of the determinants of active adulthood and successful aging. Hence the importance of this study represented in investigate these variables, especially in the light of globalization, which left its negative effects clearly on the individual of this century as deep scarves, which positive psychology seeking to strengthen the positive and treat the negative aspects to achieve well-being. This descriptive study aimed to examine the relationship between enjoying life and health status among adults and the elderly, and to detect the differences in enjoying life and health status due to age, education, and sex. The sample consisted of 380 adults and elderly persons selected randomly. Data were collected by enjoying life scale and health status questionnaire which prepared by researchers in this study. The results showed that there was a significant statistical relationship between enjoying life and health status, and there were significant statistical differences in enjoying life and health status due to age, education, and sex. Level of enjoying life and health status was high in participants who are elderly, educated and females. These findings emphasized the importance of developing the enjoying life among young adults and the elderly to enjoy with health status and to achieve active adulthood and successful aging.

13.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 42(1): 77-86, Jan.-Feb. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055361

ABSTRACT

The multi-faceted phenomenon known as globalization has a particular impact on the conceptual and practical development of mental health disciplines in general, and psychiatry in particular, across different world regions. To be theoretically and functionally effective, global psychiatry requires an integration of its different components. To such objective, and after a brief review of continental European and Anglo-Saxon contributions, this article examines the history, characteristics, and contributions of Latin/Iberian American and Spanish-speaking psychiatry, in order to substantiate its role in world psychiatry. The Latin American proper (including Portuguese-speaking Brazil), Spain, and U.S.-based Hispanic components are described, revealing an identity that is based on a humanistic tradition, a value-based, culturally-determined clinical approach to patient care, and a pragmatic adaptation of different treatment resources and techniques. These may constitute supportive elements of an instrumental inter-regional bond in the present and future of our discipline.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychiatry/trends , Mental Health , Internationality , Spain , Hispanic or Latino , Europe , Language , Latin America
14.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 62(276): 15-21, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1099901

ABSTRACT

La migración de las poblaciones, a través de las diferentes etapas de la historia y su incursión en diversos ecosistemas del planeta, ha permitido irremediablemente una interacción dinámica con animales, plantas, insectos y con el mundo microbiológico. En esta trayectoria algunos microorganismos establecieron relaciones simbióticas con los seres humanos mediante la negociación de compromisos celulares y moleculares, eventualmente esculpiendo al genoma humano. Sin embargo, en muchas otras instancias, ciertos microorganismos han actuado como agentes de selección natural, ocasionando enfermedad y muerte. De esta forma, el establecimiento de las sociedades actuales se debe en gran medida al impacto que las enfermedades infecciosas tuvieron en la conformación de las poblaciones a través de los milenios. Las epidemias ocasionadas por esas enfermedades han influenciado aspectos políticos, económicos y sociales al menos por cuatro transiciones epidemiológicas: el Neolítico con la aparición de los primeros asentamientos humanos, la Edad Media -particularmente con el impacto de la plaga bubónica en Europa y Asia-, la época de exploración y colonialismo europeo y la actual era de globalización. La historia de la humanidad estaría inexorablemente ligada a la coexistencia con los agentes infecciosos


Throughout the history of mankind, population migration has played an important role in determining a dynamic interplay of humans with other animals, plants, insects, and microbial agents in different ecological niches. In this journey, some microbes have negotiated symbiotic relationships with humans by achieving molecular and cellular compromises, ultimately sculpting the human genome. In other cases, many microbial agents have acted as pathogens and therefore becoming forces of natural selection throughout different human societies by leading to morbidity, dysfunction, or death. In this manner, the establishment of modern societies is in many ways the result of the burden of disease associated with infectious pathogens throughout millennia. Throughout the history of mankind, epidemics of infectious diseases have influenced political, economic and social aspects of human societies at least through the occurrence of four epidemiologic transitions: a) the Neolithic period with the establishment of the first human villages with enough population density enabling the spread of infectious agents; b) the middle-ages with the spread of bubonic plague causing important demographic changes; c) the worldwide exploration of European with colonization in new territories; and d) the current era of globalization. In summary, there is an inextricable link between humanity's journey and microorganisms resulting in either beneficial or antagonistic interactions


Subject(s)
Humans , Communicable Diseases , Epidemics , History , History of Medicine
15.
Saúde Redes ; 5(2): 251-269, abr. - jun. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1116210

ABSTRACT

A contribuição aqui apresentada uliza uma abordagem transdisciplinar para investigar as determinações sociais implicadas nos processos saúdedoença das pessoas ou comunidades envolvidas em experiências migratórias. O texto tenta organizar um percurso lógico/metodológico que ajude na análise das múltiplas dimensões da saúde dos migrantes, incluindo elementos específicos inseridos pela cultura, elementos micro e macro políticos e elementos da organização dos serviços, combinando diferentes níveis de análise que pertencem aos campos social, cultural, político, econômico e dos direitos. Finalmente o texto aborda a necessidade de tratar a saúde dos migrantes não como capítulo separado, mas como parte integrante das competências e capacidades de cuidado de serviços e profissionais.


This paper investigates the social determinations of health involved in migration and the social determinations of migrants health through an interdisciplinary approach. The text tries to organize a logical / methodological path that helps analyse the multiple dimensions of migrants health, including culture, micro and macro political interactions, migration and health services organization, combining different approaches that belong to sociology, anthropology, political sciences, economy and Humans Rights. Finally, the text addresses the need to approach migrant's health not as a chapter separated from health services and health knowledge, but as a fundamental part of the competencies and capacities of care belonging to professionals and health services.

16.
Saúde Redes ; 5(2): 207­-226, abr. - jun. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1116284

ABSTRACT

In questo articolo si intende sottolineare la stretta correlazione tra la salute dei migranti, la tutela dei Diritti Umani Fondamentali e le dimensioni materiali e simboliche che contraddistinguono l'alterità a livello globale e locale nel contesto contemporaneo. I fattori strutturali, culturali, sociali, economici e politici che determinano le migrazioni sono fortemente correlati ai determinanti dela salute dei migranti. Al di là delle migrazioni interne, i migranti non sono soggetti ai dispositivi di protezione dei Diritti Umani riservati cittadini degli stati che attraversano o in cui risiedono, pertanto la protezione dela loro salute dipende dal riconoscimento e dalla protezione che questi paesi riservano ai Diritti Umani Fondamentali. D'altra parte, le dimensioni simboliche, coinvolte nella costruzione sociale dell'alterità, appresentano un ostacolo all'inclusione sociale dei migranti, alla protezione dei loro Diritti Umani ed in definitiva si configurano come un fattore limitante l'accessibilità dei servizi. I fattori strutturali implicati nella costruzione e nella produzione sociale della malatia e della salute dei migranti agiscono, però, anche sulla popolazione residente ed influenzano il lavoro dei professionisti e dei lavoratori dei servizi implicati nella tutela della salute e dei Diritti Umani Fondamentali. Questa stretta relazione colloca la medicina delle migrazioni nel campo politico quale campo preminente per la tutela della salute dei migranti. Al contrario di quadri teorici, strumenti e pratiche, l'incorporazione della dimensione politica nella medicina dele migrazioni risulta ancora insufficiente. Pertanto è necessaria una riflessione più profonda rispetto al ruolo della medicina, della sanità, delle istituzioni di ricerca e formazione sanitária nel contesto contemporaneo


This paper aims to underline the close correlation between migrants health, the protection of Fundamental Human Rights and the material and symbolic dimensions characterizing otherness at a global and local level in the contemporary context. The structural, cultural, social, economic and political factors that determine migrations are strongly related to migrants' determinants of health. Beyond internal migrations, migrants are not under the protection of Human Rights like the citizens of the countries they go through or reside. Consequently the protection of their health depends on the acknowledgment and defence that these countries grant to Fundamental Human Rights. Moreover, the symbolic dimensions, involved in the social construction of otherness, represent an obstacle to migrants social inclusion, the protection of their Human Rights and eventually they become a limit to services accessibility. The structural factors implied in the social construction and production of migrants disease and health act even on the resident population and affect the job of professionals and workers of services implied in the protection of health and Fundamental Human Rights. This close relation puts migration medicine in the political field as the main field for the protection of migrants health. Contrary to theoretical frameworks, tools and practices, the incorporation of the political dimensions in migration medicine turns out to be insufficient. Thus a deeper reflection is necessary, as regards the role of medicine, health systems, institutions of research and health training in the contemporary context.

17.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 48(2): e338, abr.-jun. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126624

ABSTRACT

Desde el siglo XX hasta la fecha, el proceso de globalización ha caracterizado el desarrollo de la economía mundial. En este contexto los países desarrollados son los que tienen directamente el manejo y dominio tecnológico, mientras que los subdesarrollados han sido afectados con la introducción acelerada de las nuevas tecnologías y su alto costo. El desarrollo tecnológico en la sociedad actual es un factor importante en el manejo de enfermedades como el cáncer. El tumor de localización rectal constituye el tercer tipo de cáncer más comúnmente diagnosticado y la tercera causa de muerte por cáncer para ambos sexos. Para su estadificación se han desarrollado varios medios diagnósticos, dentro de estos, la elastografía por ultrasonido endoscópico es una técnica de elevado impacto. En Cuba se cuenta con esta tecnología de avanzada, a disposición de todos los pacientes, lo cual demuestra que es posible enfrentar los desafíos que la globalización impone al desarrollo tecnológico. En este trabajo se exponen las opiniones de los autores, relacionadas con la influencia que tiene la política de globalización en el desarrollo tecnológico y su repercusión en el pronóstico de los pacientes con cáncer de recto(AU)


From the 20th century to the present, the process of globalization has characterized the development of the world economy. In this context, the developed countries are those that have direct management and technological control, while the underdeveloped countries have been affected by the accelerated introduction of new technologies and their high cost. The technological development in today's society is an important factor in the management of diseases such as cancer. The rectal tumor is the third most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the third cause of cancer death for both sexes. For its staging, several diagnostic means have been developed, within these, endoscopic ultrasound elastography is a high impact technique. In Cuba, this advanced technology is available to all patients, which shows that it is possible to face the challenges that globalization imposes on technological development. This paper presents the opinions of the authors, related to the influence of the globalization policy on technological development and its impact on the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Technological Development , Elasticity Imaging Techniques
18.
Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública ; 37(1)ene.-abr. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535230

ABSTRACT

Este ensayo reflexivo discurre alrededor de la salud pública, en torno a temas discutibles, como su dimensión epistémica, su perspectiva frente a la dialéctica territorial local-global, su relación con la medicina social en Latinoamérica, su pretensión de cientificidad, su posición ante el asunto de la determinación y los determinantes sociales de la salud, su lugar en la contradicción entre el sujeto y la estructura, y cómo se ve afectada por la tensión del capitalismo cognitivo y la universidad. El texto considera el fracaso de las políticas en salud y de las políticas públicas globales, y propone la construcción académica y política de una transdisciplinariedad, basados en las teorías de la complejidad y otras concepciones novedosas, en interacción con otras áreas del conocimiento y actores diversos. Asimismo, defiende el rescate de la interculturalidad; propende por el debate teórico, junto a las ciencias sociales y humanas, sobre temas y problemas comunes; reconoce el pluralismo metodológico, validando los instrumentos de la epidemiología poblacional y otras modalidades de la misma, así como los avances de la investigación cualitativa y la comprensión de las intersubjetividades. Finalmente, el artículo recomienda que los salubristas asuman la salud pública como una opción con sentido de vida.


This reflective essay discusses public health topics such as its epistemic dimension, how it is affected by the local-global territory dialectics, its relationship with social medicine in Latin America, its pretense of scientificity, its stance regarding the issue of determination and social determinants of health, its place in the contradiction between subject and structure and how it is affected by the tension of cognitive capitalism and the university. The text discusses the failure of healthcare policies and global public policies, and proposes the academic and political construction of a transdisciplinarity based on the theories of complexity, interaction with other fields of knowledge and various actors. Likewise, it defends recovering interculturality and leans towards a theoretical debate, alongside social and human sciences, on common topics and problems. Similarly, it acknowledges methodological pluralism, thus validating the instruments of population epidemiology and other forms of it as well as the advancements in the field of qualitative research and the understanding of intersubjectivities. Finally, the paper recommends that healthcare professionals perceive public health as an option with a sense of life.


Este ensaio cogitativo discorre ao redor da saúde pública, circundando aos tópicos discutíveis, como a sua dimensão epistémica, como a afeta a dialética territorial local-global, o seu relacionamento com a medicina social na Latino américa, a sua pretensão de cientificidade, a sua postura diante do assunto da determinação e os determinantes sociais da saúde, o seu lugar na contradição entre o sujeito e a estrutura, e como se vê afetada pela tensão do capitalismo cognitivo e a universidade. O texto considera o fracasso das políticas em saúde e das políticas públicas globais, e propõe a construção académica e política duma trans. disciplinariedade, baseados nas teorias da complexidade, em interação com outras vertentes do conhecimento e atores diversos. Assim mesmo, defende o resgate da Inter cultural idade; promove o debate teórico, enxuto com as ciências sociais e humanas, alusivo a temas e dificuldades comuns; reconhece a pluralidade metodológica, avaliando os instrumentos, a epidemiologia populacional e outras modalidades da mesma, assim como os avanços da investigação qualitativa e a compreensão das Intersubjetividades. Finalmente, o artigo dica que o pessoal da saúde assuma a saúde pública como uma opção com sentido de vida.

19.
Salud pública Méx ; 61(2): 174-183, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058970

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the association of total globalization and its different dimensions with overweight and obesity in 10 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries between 1995 and 2013. Materials and methods: A sample of 848 405 women aged 20-49 was analyzed. Multiple logistic regression models were used, adjusting for individual- and country-level confounding factors. To evaluate nonlinearities, four levels were defined through quartiles and divided into four dummy variables. Results: Total globalization had a positive association with overweight and obesity. Three dimensions of globalization (economic, political and social) indicated an increase in overweight and obesity. Social globalization presented polynomial behaviour, whereas, in political and economic globalization, a concave relation was observed. Conclusion: The economic, political and social dimensions had a positive association with overweight and obesity.


Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la globalización total y sus diferentes dimensiones con el sobrepeso y la obesidad en 10 países de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) entre el periodo 1995 y 2013. Material y métodos: Se analizó una muestra de 848 405 mujeres de 20 a 49 años. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística múltiple, ajustando por factores de confusión a nivel individual y país. Para evaluar no linealidades se definieron cuatro niveles a través de cuartiles y se dividieron en cuatro variables indicadoras. Resultados: La globalización total presentó una asociación positiva con el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Las tres dimensiones de globalización (económica, política, social) indicaron un incremento del sobrepeso y obesidad a mayor puntaje de globalización. La globalización social presentó un comportamiento polinomial, mientras que en la globalización política y económica se observó una relación cóncava. Conclusión: Las dimensiones económicas, políticas y sociales tuvieron una asociación positiva con el sobrepeso y la obesidad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Internationality , Overweight/epidemiology , Politics , Social Conditions , Socioeconomic Factors , Logistic Models , Nutritional Status , Prevalence , Caribbean Region/epidemiology , Economics , Latin America/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology
20.
Serv. soc. soc ; (134): 107-123, jan.-abr. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-986112

ABSTRACT

Resumo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal demonstrar como o Estado moderno, através do sistema econômico capitalista e da globalização neoliberal, tem efetivado o processo de expropriação de forma deliberada, provocando miséria social e fomentando a violência e a criminalidade em larga escala. O texto também mostra que o Estado moderno utiliza-se das ciências jurídicas para coibir e ignorar as situações sociais de trabalhadores sem emprego.


Abstract: The main objective of this article is to demonstrate how the modern state, through the economic system, capitalist and neoliberal globalization, effectively or deliberately expropriation, provoking social misery and fomenting violence and crime on a large scale. The text also shows that the modern state uses legal sciences to curb and ignore the social situations of workers without jobs.

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